![]() In the 1960s the late Spanish-born neuroscientist José M. Another study reported that although fighting bulls may charge all sorts of moving objects, the charges carry greater force when directed against warm colors such as red. Moreover, researchers have found that cattle are more active and aroused in red light than in blue or green light. Perceptual measurements indicate that cattle can discriminate red from green and blue but not green and blue from each other. Whereas humans are trichromats-meaning that we have three types of retinal cones sensitive to long (red), medium (green) and short (blue) wavelengths-cattle are dichromats: they possess only two kinds of cones. ![]() According to bullfighting lore, the color choice is said to help hide bloodstains, but it may have other advantages. For hundreds of years matadors have taunted bulls by flashing a red cape. Perhaps the most famous example of the pigment's power comes from animal perception. For instance, drivers blocked in traffic by a red car react faster and more aggressively than drivers barred by vehicles of other colors. Seeing red also triggers some surprising behaviors. A similar process activates a flush of embarrassment or a more flirtatious blush. Many humans get red in the face from increased blood flow when they are angry. Some of the hue's significance has a biological basis. ![]() It means luck in China, where bridal wear is red, mourning in parts of Africa and sex in Amsterdam's red-light district. It brings to mind hot-blooded anger and Scarlet Letter shame. ![]() It's the color of Cupid and the Devil, the color of love and hate. ![]()
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